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Building Modern Argentina |
- The years from 1880 to 1929 brought Argentina great economic prosperity and it became South America’s economic powerhouse with mass export of agricultural commodities, particularly goods like beef and wheat.
- Growth in domestic industry was limited by the import of cheap manufactured products. While international demand for Argentine agricultural goods was central to economic development, equally important was still the inflow of foreign capital, particularly from Great Britain.
- Argentina received some of the highest levels of foreign investment in Latin America in the midst of its economic expansion.
- The Law 1420 of Common Education of 1884 guaranteed universal, free, non-religious education to all children, a truly progressive act that sought to underpin Argentina’s future success.
- This enlightened period in Argentine political history seemed to herald certain success as a leading power in South America. Unfortunately, also a period of corruption, nepotism, and oligarchy would set a scene for much of Argentina’s later history.
- From about 1900, Argentine nationalism began to identify Argentina with Europe and the United States of America rather than with the rest of Latin America, where economic renaissance was short-lived.
- Conservative forces had always dominated Argentine politics until 1916, when their traditional rivals, the Radicals, led by Hipólito Yrigoyen, won control of the government.
- Hipólito Yrigoyen’s manifesto emphasised fair elections and more democratic institutions and policies. More recently, 2002 and 2007 manifestos seem to tell us the same thing.
- These doctrines opened their doors to Argentina's growing middle classes and ensured that the lower and middle classes would crave socially democratic policies throughout Argentina’s recent history, only to find change thwarted by successive military interventions supported by both internal and external self-interests.
- The years of prosperity ended with the Crash of 1929 and the ensuing worldwide Great Depression. The Argentine military forced aged Hipólito Yrigoyen from power in 1930 and ushered in another decade of Conservative rule.
- There are always lessons in history, and Argentina like the rest of the world has failed to keep a watchful eye on their own economic history and that of wealthier neighbours.
- Argentina’s reliance on agricultural exports, and almost total reliance on cheap industrial imports at the expense of homegrown industry would be Argentina’s undoing. Imports are only cheap when your currency is strong, and economies can only afford imports when your export market is buoyant and consumers have money to spend. Economies not underpinned by sensible fiscal management and balanced industrial output that achieves some parity between imports and exports are fair game in a recession that brings substantial monetary devaluation and a dwindling world export market.
- The collapse of Argentina’s international trade led to industrial growth focused on import substitution, leading to a much stronger and balanced economic independence (relatively, because oil production in the country was dominated by foreign companies, mostly from the U.S., something that Yrigoyen wanted to temper and one of the reasons for external support for the military). Later economic crashes would have similar themes.
- Argentina was still an uncertain economy during the period up to World War II; the potential for Europe to drag America into the war increased that uncertainty. When reading about this period, we get the feeling that Argentina was torn between their admiration of Germany’s phoenix-like presence in Europe and the success of National Socialism, and their ties to the United States of America and Europe. Right winged, ‘near fascist’ doctrines were of the wealthy classes and the masses? Well they just wanted a better life and a just existence.
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History of Argentina - Articles:
Discovering Buenos Aires
Road to Independence
Argentina Today
Read the complete Buenos Aires Guide:
Safety in Buenos Aires
Where is Buenos Aires?
The history of Buenos Aires
Tourism in Buenos Aires
Shopping Buenos Aires
Bars and restaurants in Buenos Aires
Travel around Buenos Aires
Spring Gets Buenos Aires into its Groove
Buenos Aires Stay Survival Guide Buenos Lesson One
Buenos Aires Travel: Public Buses
Find Buenos Aires apartments online
Searching for rentals in Buenos Aires
Cheap apartments in Buenos Aires
Find luxury apartments in Buenos Aires
Vacationing in apartments for rent in Buenos Aires
Other Buenos Aires Guides
Eva Peron, Evita, a pilgrimage to Recoleta cemetery
The flag of Argentina, Sun of May, General Belgrano
Gay in Buenos Aires, night-by-night, 100s of gay listings
Gay Pride 2008, the biggest gay party ever in Buenos Aires
Stay healthy, choose a doctor, and travel health Buenos Aires
History of Buenos Aires and Argentina from 1500 to the Kirchners
Read about Buenos Aires’ people (porteños) and their Culture
The Rio del la Plata – neither a plate nor a river?
Read about the history of tango, tango dance and tango music
Read our reviews of the best tours in Buenos Aires
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