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Building Modern Argentina Part 2 |
- Argentina was officially neutral during most of the World War II; the public remained divided, however the military governments favoured whoever seemed to be winning. The Axis Powers were favourites until the Axis Powers looked beat and towards the end of the war, Argentina (1945) declared war on Germany, but not Japan.
- The governments of the 1930s (retrospectively known as Década Infame, the Infamous Decade) used fraud, election tampering and violence to contain the currents of economic and political reform that would eventually bring Juan Domingo Perón to office and heralded a political and social revolution that is romanticised and known throughout the world.
- The military ousted Argentina's constitutional government in 1943. Perón, then an army colonel, was one of the coup's leaders, and soon became the government's dominant figure as Minister of Labour.
- Juan Domingo Perón had great political shrewdness and he understood that the tides of democracy that would later sweep away the autocratic powers in Europe would lead Argentina’s totalitarian military dictatorship to civil war if not embraced. His later involvement in Argentine politics and misguided use of power would later lead Argentina to that near catastrophe after 1976.
- Mass protests led to a general election and Perón's victory on 20 February 1946. He aggressively pursued economic reform, gave a political voice to the working classes, and expanded the number of unionised workers. Many will argue simplistically that he is to blame for many of Argentina’s woes today.
- In 1947, Perón announced the first five-year plan based on the growth of nationalised industries. He helped establish the powerful General Confederation of Labour (Confederación General del Trabajo, CGT).
- Perón's dynamic wife, Eva Duarte de Perón, known as Evita, was a former actress from a working class background. Eva Perón, Evita was the voice of the people and helped her husband develop strength and popular appeal with labour movements and women's groups. Through her influence, women obtained the right to vote in 1947. Eva Peron’s death from cancer in 1952 cost Perón a key political ally and Argentina a much-loved icon.
- In 1949, Perón pushed through a constitutional amendment to allow him to run for a second term, which he won in 1952, but a military coup (Revolución Libertadora) led by Eduardo Lonardi deposed him in 1955. Moreover, forced into exile, eventually settling in Francoist Spain. Even in exile, he remained ever popular with the Argentine masses.
- It is important to add here that there are sound arguments against the ideals of Peronism and his legacy still leaves a bitter taste in the mouths of some Argentines. Peronism of today is a wide range of political views, right and left, that use the name for popular appeal.
- Eduardo Lonardi held power for a few months, succeeded by Pedro Aramburu, president from 13 November 1955 to 1 May 1958 when another bloody political struggle ensued.
- In June 1956, two liberal generals, Juan José Valle and Raul Tanco, attempted a coup against Aramburu. His purge of moderates in the army, the abrogation of social reforms and the attacks, disappearance and deaths of many union leaders signalled that Argentina was fast becoming a dangerous military state, fuelled by external commercial interest and internal corruption.
- The demands for the liberation of all political and labour activists and the return to the constitutional order were crushed by force and General Valle and his supporters were executed; twenty civilians implicated in the coup were arrested at home and their bodies thrown in the León Suarez dumping ground.
History of Argentina - Articles:
Discovering Buenos Aires
Road to Independence
Argentina Today
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Safety in Buenos Aires
Where is Buenos Aires?
The history of Buenos Aires
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Spring Gets Buenos Aires into its Groove
Buenos Aires Stay Survival Guide Buenos Lesson One
Buenos Aires Travel: Public Buses
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Vacationing in apartments for rent in Buenos Aires
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Eva Peron, Evita, a pilgrimage to Recoleta cemetery
The flag of Argentina, Sun of May, General Belgrano
Gay in Buenos Aires, night-by-night, 100s of gay listings
Gay Pride 2008, the biggest gay party ever in Buenos Aires
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History of Buenos Aires and Argentina from 1500 to the Kirchners
Read about Buenos Aires’ people (porteños) and their Culture
The Rio del la Plata – neither a plate nor a river?
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